process in system operation computer

Process

Processor executes computer programs. Processor is a chip in a computer system that runs the program instructions computer. In every second the processor can run millions of instructions.

The program is a series of instructions given to a computer. While the process is a part of the program at a certain status in a series of execution. In the discussion Operating System, we more often discuss the process compared with the program. In a modern operating system, at one time not all programs loaded in memory, but only one portion of the program. While other parts of the program remains rest in disk storage media. Only in times of need alone, part of the program is loaded in memory and executed by the processor. This is very save memory consumption.

Some systems run only a single process at a time, while others run a multi-process at a time. Whereas most computer systems have only one processor, and a processor can only run one instruction at a time. So how a single processor system can run multi-process? Surely, in a very small granularity, the processor only runs one process at a time, then quickly he moved to run other processes, and so on. Thus for the vision and sense of human users, as if the processor run several processes simultaneously.

Each process in an operating system to get a PCB (Process Control Block) which includes information about the process, namely: an identification process (Process ID) a unique identity and the number, status of the process, the process execution priority and location information in the memory process . Priority process is a value or quantity that indicates how often the process should be executed by the processor. The process that has a higher priority, will run more often or executed earlier than the process of lower priority. An operating system can only determine all processes with the same priority, so that each process has the same opportunity. An operating system can also change the priority value of a particular process, that process will be able to have a greater chance at the next execution (eg: the process was far too long waiting for execution, the operating system increase the value of priority).

linux

inux (pronounced lɪnəks or / lɪnʊks /) [1] is the name given to the type of computer operating system Unix. Linux is one example of the development of free software and open source principal. Like the free software and other open source in general, Linux source code can be modified, used and redistributed freely by anyone. [2]

The name "Linux" comes from the name of the kernel (Linux kernel), which was made in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The system, equipment and system libraries generally come from the GNU operating system, which was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. The GNU contribution is the basis of the emergence of the alternative name GNU / Linux. [3]

Linux has long been known for its use in servers, and backed by companies such as Dell's leading computer, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems. Linux is used as the operating system in various types of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, [4], and Embedded systems such as electronic book readers, video game systems (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and XBox [5]), mobile phones and router. Analysts believe the success of information technology Linux because Linux does not depend on the vendor (vendor independence), low operating costs, and higher compatibility than no free versions of UNIX, as well as safety factor and high stability compared to other operating systems like Microsoft Windows. These characteristics also be evidence of the benefits of the development model of open source software (opensource software).

Linux operating system known as Linux distributions (Linux distribution) or a general Linux distribution already includes device-support software such as web servers, programming languages, databases, desktop display (desktop environment) (such as Gnome and KDE), and office application packages (office suite) as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, and Gnumeric.

virus lagi

Kesel .....
taxable cave computer viruses, virus from donal duck
This annoying virus named nih duck feather,
There are've ever heard?
maybe if the ama kerjain've got this virus, udah tau ya, udah tau if the virus also has a 53 Kb version, while I discuss the virus may updatennya size 188 Kb
sebenernya how these viruses work rada-rada similar to viruses other local,
works have characteristics as follows:

   1. Meng hidenkan Folder dihard-disk folder and then replace it with an application to the size of 188 kb but with iconnya icon of our old folder.
   2. Make a folder on each hard drive bulubebek is plagued with, but that he also had a file that is placed bulubebek parent disystem, because I'm not sure where ngasih so can not know, obviously he has a master file in the system.
   3. Mendisabled regedit
   4. Mendisabled Command Prompt


Clearly ngeselin virus, but eventually I could also ways of healing, although my computer is not 100% healed, but've gradually improved, the way, I change the file extension file msvbvm60.dll c: \ windows \ system32 so msvbvm60.ddd.
Why because the virus is made with language VB (Visual Basic), because each virus is running with VB needs this file, so I let him change extensinya confused, hee .. he ...

What've done?
yet the next step, I use antivirus ANSAV one Nation boy artificial, it is also powerful enough against this virus, one by one virus proof slashed, especially this is the latest update, and has additional features that can, help me to heal the damage caused by viruses it.
Please download the latest 2.0.25 version Ansav here, free boss gak pake pay

multinasional corporation

A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business.At this stage,however,the corporaton’s emphasis is still on the dosmetic market. As trade expands,the corporation’s delings with companies or people outside the “home country”of that corporation increase.
The corporation the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next sstep in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish foreign assembly plant,engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
Since world war II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinationals have become well-known the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell,Panasonic,Coca-cola,and Volkswagen.Coca-cola,for example,now has operation in more than 180 countries.
A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment Cultural,social,economic,political,and technological system vary from country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company need a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.

the balance sheet

Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process. They provide informato on the financial condition of a company. The balance sheet one type of financial statements, providers a summary of what company owns and what it owns on one particular day.
Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment,and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liablities are the debts that a company owes-for example, to suppliers and banks. Ifliablities are subtracted from assets (assets – liabilities), the amount remaining is the owner’s share of a business. This is known as owner’s or stockholders’ equit represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment,and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liablities are the debts that a company owes-for example, to suppliers and banks. Ifliablities are subtracted from assets (assets – liabilities), the amount remaining is the owner’s share of a business. This is known as owner’s or stockholders’ equity.
One key to understanding the accounting transactions of a business is to understand the relationship of its assets, lialibities, and owners’ equity. This is often represented by the fundamnental accounting equation: assets equal liabilities plus owners’ equity.
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY
These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equationalways remains in balance;in other words,one side must equal the other.
The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity of a company at a specific time (for example,on December 31, 1993). It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liasbilities and owners’ equity. Assets are divided into current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes).
The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision making. Externally, it gives potential investors data for evaluating the company’s financial position.

an accounting overview

Accounting is frequently called the “Language of Business” because of its ability to communicate financial information about an organization. Various interested parties, such as managers, potentials investors, creditors, and the informed financial decisions. An effective accounting system therefore must include accurate e collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and reporting of information on the financial status of an organization.
In order to achieve a standardized system, the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules. Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information are used. Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefully monitored, and transactions are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of organization.
Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement. The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at one point in time, while in income statement shows the financial performance of a company over a period of time. Financial statements allow interested parties to compare accounting periods within one organization. For example, an investor may compare the most recent income statements of two corporations in order to find out which one would be a better investment.
People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountants. In the United States, accountants are usually classified as public, private, or governmental. Public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals. Public accountants may earn the little of CPA (Certified Public Accountant) by fulfilling rigorous requirements. Private accountants work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records, and governmental agencies or bureaus. Both private and governmental accountants are paid on a salary basis, whereas public accountants receive fees for their services.
Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems, private, public, and governmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organizational decision-making.

Overcloking

Mungkin banyak diantara Anda yang merasa hardware yang Anda miliki sudah tidak mumpuni, atau kalah bersaing dengan hardware-hardware yang baru. Misalnya, Anda memiliki Q6600 namun sudah merasa Q6600 Anda tidak dapat lagi bersaing dengan E8400? Apabila Anda ngomong soal benchmark sintetis seperti 3dMark06 sih mungkin benar, tapi kalo dalam game belum tentu.
Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas prinsip dasar overclocking. Mungkin bagi sebagian besar komunitas CHIP, overclocking adalah untuk mencapai nilai tertinggi dengan hardware yang dimiliki. Namun prinsip dasar overclocking itu sendiri sebenarnya adalah menjalankan hardware yang dimiliki lebih cepat dari spesifikasi untuk mencapai taraf kinerja spesifikasi hardware diatasnya pada posisi optimal. Dimaksud optimal adalah, suhu masih dalam taraf normal dan tidak mengalami hang untuk menjalankan aplikasi apapun.
Overclocking pada umumnya akan merusak peralatan yang dimiliki, atau memperpendek umur hardware. Namun apabila dilakukan dengan benar dalam taraf optimal, maka umurnya tidak akan sependek umur seperti apabila ‘disiksa’ terus-menerus. Yah, intinya sih tetap aja memperpendek umur; walau sedikit.

Artikel overclocking ini akan dibagi kedalam 3 bagian, processor, graphic card dan memory.  Pada kali ini, kita hanya akan membahas overclocking processor.

Equipments

Tentunya untuk melakukan overclock mencapai titik optimal, diperlukan hardware pendukung; yang pasti tentunya adalah heatsink yang lebih baik, dan juga power supply murni. Power supply yang disarankan adalah yang memiliki rating minimal 550watt. Ini dengan pertimbangan beban load yang akan naik berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan voltase dan kecepatan dari Q6600, ditambah dengan beban VGA , dan hard disk.

Testbed

Karena subjek testnya kali ini adalah INTEL Q6600, maka pembahasan akan berjalan pada Q6600. Voltase cukup rendah, yaitu 1,25v membuatnya menarik. Selain itu, dengan 4 cores yang dimiliki, tentunya sangat menyenangkan untuk melakukan multitasking dan juga design grafis. Pada umumnya, Q6600 dapat dengan mudah mencapai kenaikan 50%, dari 2.4GHz ke 3.6GHz.

Motherboard tentunya harus memiliki kemampuan untuk di overclock. Tidak perlu sebuah motherboard yang memang diciptakan khusus untuk melakukan overclocking karena kita memang tidak akan menggunakan nya sampai batas maksimal. Umumnya motherboard terbaru sudah memiliki fasilitas untuk melakukan overclcoking, sehingga pilihan cukup beragam. Contoh motherboard murah meriah yang dapat melakukan overclocking adalah motherboard dengan chipset nvidia N73PV. Percobaan melakukan overclcoking pada Q6600 dengan motherboard ini hanya menghasilkan kenaikan 25% saja. Cukup sepadan dengan harganya yang murah. Motherbaord dengan kisaran us$100-200 akan memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik, bahkan 80% diantaranya dapat mencapai minimal 50% kenaikan pada Q6600 dengan menggunakan HSF.

Pada percobaan kali ini, kita tidak akan membahas overclocking memory, sehingga memory DDR2 PC6400 atau bahkan PC8500 adalah pilihan yang baik. FSB to Memory Ratio yang digunakan adalah yang mencapai nilai optimum dari memory.